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全集中の呼吸!―幸せになりたい?目の前のことに集中しましょう(TED)

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ライフハックとしてではなく、英語学習にも極めて有用なのが、著名人が10分程度のプレゼンを行うTEDです。

TED Talksとは、あらゆる分野のエキスパートたちによるプレゼンテーションを無料で視聴できる動画配信サービスのことです。10年ほど前にサービスが開始されてから、政治、心理学、経済、日常生活などの幅広いコンテンツが視聴できることから人気を集めています。

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マット・キリングワース: 幸せになりたい?目の前のことに集中しましょう

マット・キリングワース: 幸せになりたい?目の前のことに集中しましょう

人が最も幸福を感じるのはいつでしょうか?この疑問について、マット・キリングワースはデータを収集するために幸福度追跡装置(Track Your Happiness)というアプリを開発しました。そして、被験者にリアルタイムの幸福度を報告してもらったところ、驚きの結果がでました。なんと、幸福度が一番高かったのは目の前のことに没頭しているときで、反対に気が散っている時ほど幸福度が低くなったのです(約10分)。

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幸せってなに?50年間、横ばいの幸福率

多くの人が幸せを求めます。

しかし、私たちの暮らしは50年前に比べるとかなり豊かになりました。大きな家に住むようになり、数年前までSFの世界と思われたテクノロジーに、毎日なにも疑問を持たずにアクセスしています。50年前の人たちがいまの世の中を見たら、驚いて腰を抜かすほどの進化といってもよいでしょう。

にもかかわらず、私達の幸福度は50年前からずっと横ばい状態です。50年間も幸福度が停滞していることは、グラハム・ヒルも指摘していました。

暮らし
すきまにあるのは幸福感―ものは少なく、幸せは多めに(TED)【TED 紹介・解説】グラハム・ヒル: ものは少なく、幸せは多めに/スペースを節約し、あなたの人生をコンパクトに編集する3つのルールをご紹介します。(約6分)そんなトークの詳細を紹介します。...

生活の質は向上しているのに、なぜ幸福度は停滞したままなのでしょうか。

「幸せとはなにか?」という件に関して、私たち人類はじつに何千年も議論を交わしてきました。しかし、ほとんどは決着が付かずに今日に至っています。科学的手法から答えが得られるのではないかと、最近ではテクノロジーを駆使し幸福度の研究が進んでいます。

人口統計学も発達しました。収入や教育、性別、結婚状況などの因果関係についても、多くの研究が行われてきました。しかし、最近の研究によってこういった要素は、幸福度に大きく影響しないことがわかっています。もちろん、お金があるに越したことはありません。中退よりも大学卒業の方が良いに決まっています。しかし、それらを踏まえても幸福への影響は少なかったのです。

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幸福度を左右する原因とは

ここで、ひとつの疑問が残ります。

幸福を大きく左右する要因とはなにか?」 

ということです。この質問の答えは、残念ながらまだ出ていません。しかし、幸せというのは『その場その場の体験の内容と、深く関わっているのではないか』ということが、マット・キリングワースが行った調査でわかってきました。

マット・キリングワースは、人々の幸福度を測るためにtrackyourhappiness.orgというサイトを立ち上げました。このサイトで、iPhoneを使ってリアルタイムで幸福度をチェックしたのです。仕組みは、適当な時に被験者に合図を送り、その瞬間、被験者が体験していることについていくつかの質問に答えてもらったのです。

何をしているのか、誰といるのか、何を考えているのか。その人の一日を規定するあらゆる要素を考察することで、幸福度と幸福度に大きな影響を与えている要素について、原因が特定できるのではとマット・キリングワースは考えたのです。

最終的に、この調査には65万ものデータが集まりました。15,000人を超える人々がリアルタイムで情報を送信し、80を超える国々から、86の職種のデータが集まりました。年齢層は18~80歳と幅広く、収入や最終学歴、結婚状況もばらばらです。

その結果、これが 「幸福を大きく左右する要因のひとつ」ではないか?というデータが浮かび上がってきたのです。 

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不幸の原因は「注意散漫能力」?

私たち人間には、その場から注意を逸らすユニークな能力が備わっています。

それは、「注意散漫能力」です。

この能力のおかげで、私たちは実にいろんなことを想像して、予想をたてて、考えることが出来ます。このおかげで、ヒトは動物にはできない学習・計画・判断ができるのです。ただ、この能力と幸福との関係性は明らかにされていません

目の前のことに集中しなさい!

幼い頃からこの言葉を、親から、教師から、何百回と耳にしたでしょう。本当に幸せになるには、その場その場の経験に対して集中し、没頭しないといけないのかもしれません。集中力の欠如を悪と呼ぶ人々は、ある意味で正しいのかもしれません。

しかし、注意散漫能力のすべてが悪いわけではありません。

なぜなら、他のことを考えているときに私たちは自由になります。目の前の現実は変えられませんが、心はどこへでも行けます。幸福を求める私たちは、心の放浪を利用して今いる場所よりも幸せなところへ行けます。

それなら、注意散漫能力はとても合理的な能力と言えるでしょう。なぜなら、現実逃避をすることで心が喜びを感じ、幸福度が増すからです。

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幸福度を高めるキーワードは「いま・ここ」

しかし、マット・キリングワースの調査の結果、『ほかのことを考えてるとき、幸福度は大幅に減少する』ことが分かっています。

もし、目の前の現実が楽しくなければ、逃避している間は幸福度がいくらか上がるはずだと思う人もいるでしょう。しかし、それが上がらなかったのです。何をしていても他のことを考えれば幸福度は下がったのです

その一例として、通勤の時も、他のことを考えるよりも通勤自体に集中する方が幸福度が高くなるという結果が出ました。その大きな原因として、マット・キリングワースは以下のことを指摘しています。

気が散ると、不快なことを考えがちだからです

研究によって、注意散漫能力によって不幸になる可能性があることが分かりましたが、マット・キリングワースは、不幸が注意散漫能力を引き起こすのではないかと逆説的な意見を述べています。人が不幸と感じるのが注意散漫能力によるものだとすれば、注意散漫能力が不幸の根源である可能性が非常に高いというのです。

しかし、注意散漫能力はごく自然な行いです。誰でもぼんやりすることはあるでしょう。何をしていようと気が逸れる(散る)ことはあたりまえに発生するのです。

それでも、あなたが今よりも幸福感を上げたいと思っているなら、いま目の前で起きていることに集中しましょう。そうすれば、これまでよりも充実した時間を過ごせるようになるでしょう。

英語全文

I want to discuss with you this afternoon why you’re going to fail to have a great career.

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I’m an economist. I do dismal. End of the day, it’s ready for dismal remarks. I only want to talk to those of you who want a great career. I know some of you have already decided you want a good career. You’re going to fail, too — (Laughter) – because – Goodness, you’re all cheery about failing. (Laughter) Canadian group, undoubtedly. (Laughter) Those trying to have good careers are going to fail, because, really, good jobs are now disappearing. There are great jobs and great careers, and then there are the high-workload, high-stress, bloodsucking, soul-destroying kinds of jobs, and practically nothing in between.

So the people looking for good jobs are going to fail. I’m going to talk about those looking for great jobs, great careers, and why you’re going to, why you’re going to fail. First reason is that no matter how many times people tell you, “If you want a great career, you have to pursue your passion, you have to pursue your dreams, you have to pursue, the greatest fascination in your life,” you hear it again and again and then you decide not to do it. It doesn’t matter how many times you download Steven J.’s Stanford commencement address, you still look at it and decide not to do it.

I’m not quite sure why you decide not to do it. You’re too lazy to do it. It’s too hard. You’re afraid if you look for your passion and don’t find it, you’ll feel like you’re an idiot, so then you make excuses about why you’re not going to look for your passion. And they are excuses, ladies and gentlemen. We’re going to go through a whole long list, your creativity, and thinking of excuses not to do what you really need to do if you want to have a great career.

So, for example,one of your great excuses is, “Well, great careers are really and truly, for most people, just a matter of luck, so I’m going to stand around, I’m going to try to be lucky, and if I’m lucky, I’ll have a great career. If not, I’ll have a good career.” But a good career is an impossibility, so that’s not going to work.

Then, your other excuse is, “Yes, there are special people who pursue their passions, but they are geniuses. They are Steven J. I’m not a genius. When I was five, I thought I was a genius, but my professors have beaten that idea out of my head long since.” (Laughter) Mm? “And now I know I am completely competent.” Now, you see, if this was 1950, being completely competent, that would have given you a great career. But guess what? This is almost 2012, and saying to the world, “I am totally, completely competent,” is damning yourself with the faintest of praise.

And then, of course, another excuse: “Well, I would do this, I would do this, but, but, well, after all, I’m not weird. Everybody knows that people who pursue their passions are somewhat obsessive. A little strange? Mm? Mm? Okay? You know, a fine line between madness and genius. I’m not weird. I’ve read Steven J.’s biography. Oh my goodness. I am not that person. I am nice. I am normal. I’m a nice, normal person, and nice, normal people don’t have passion. Ah. But I still want a great career. I’m not prepared to pursue my passion, so I know what I’m going to do, because I have, I have a solution, I have a strategy. It’s the one Mommy and Daddy told me about. Mommy and Daddy told me that if I worked hard, I’d have a good career. So, if you work hard and have a good career, if you work really, really, really hard, you’ll have a great career. Doesn’t that, like, mathematically make sense?” Hmm. Not. (Laughter) But you’ve managed to talk yourself into that.

You know what? Here’s a little secret. You want to work? You want to work really, really, really hard? You know what? You’ll succeed. The world will give you the opportunity to work really, really, really, really hard, but are you so sure that that’s going to give you a great career when all the evidence is to the contrary?

So let’s assume, let’s deal with those of you who are trying to find your passion. You actually understand that you really had better do it, never mind the excuses. You’re trying to find your passion, and you’re so happy. You found something you’re interested in.

I have an interest! I have an interest! You tell me. You say, “I have an interest!” I say, “That’s wonderful! And what, what are you trying to tell me? That you – “”Well, I have an interest.” I say, “Do you have passion?” “I have an interest,” you say. Your interest is compared to what? “Well, I’m interested in this.” And what about the rest of humanity’s activities? “I’m not interested in them.” You’ve looked at them all, have you? “No. Not exactly.”

Passion is your greatest love. Passion is the thing that will help you create the highest expression of your talent. Passion, interest — it’s not the same thing. Are you really going to go to your sweetie and say, “Marry me! You’re interesting.” (Laughter) Won’t happen. Won’t happen, and you will die alone.

What you want, what you want, what you want, is passion. It is beyond interest. You need 20 interests, and then one of them,one of them might grab you,one of them might engage you more than anything else, and then you may have found your greatest love in comparison to all the other things that interest you, and that’s what passion is.

I have a friend, proposed to his sweetie. He was an economically rational person. He said to his sweetie, “Let us marry. Let us merge our interests.”

Yes he did. “I love you truly,” he said. “I love you deeply. I love you more than any other woman I’ve ever encountered. I love you more than Mary, Jane, Susie, Penelope, Ingrid, Gertrude, Gretel — I was on a German exchange program then.” (Laughter) “I love you more than – “All right! She left the room halfway through his enumeration of his love for her. After he got over his surprise at being, you know, turned down, he concluded he’d had a narrow escape from marrying an irrational person, although he did make a note to himself that the next time he proposed, it was perhaps not necessary to enumerate all of the women he had auditioned for the part. (Laughter)

But the point stands. You must look for alternatives so that you find your destiny, or are you afraid of the word “destiny”? Does the word “destiny” scare you? That’s what we’re talking about, and if you don’t find the highest expression of your talent, if you settle for “interesting,” what the hell ever that means, do you know what will happen at the end of your long life? Your friends and family will be gathered in the cemetery, and there, beside your gravesite will be a tombstone, and inscribed on that tombstone, it will say, “Here lies a distinguished engineer who invented Velcro.” But what that tombstone should have said, in an alternative lifetime, what it should have said if it was your highest expression of talent, was, “Here lies the last Nobel Laureate in Physics, who formulated the Grand Unified Field Theory and demonstrated the practicality of warp drive.”

Velcro, indeed.

One was a great career. One was a missed opportunity. But then, there are some of you, in spite of all these excuses, you will find, you will find your passion, and you’ll still fail.

You’re going to fail, because, because you’re not going to do it, because you will have invented a new excuse, any excuse to fail to take action, and this excuse I’ve heard so many times. “Yes, I would pursue a great career, but I value human relationships more than accomplishment. I want to be a great friend. I want to be a great spouse. I want to be a great parent, and I will not sacrifice them on the altar of great accomplishment.”

What do you want me to say? Now, do you really want me to say now, tell you, “Really, I swear I don’t kick children.” (Laughter) Hmm? Look at the worldview you’ve given yourself. You’re a hero no matter what, and I, by suggesting, ever so delicately, that you might want a great career, must hate children. I don’t hate children. I don’t kick them. Yes, there was a little kid wandering through this building when I came here, and no, I didn’t kick him.

Course, I had to tell him that the building was for adults only and to get out. He mumbled something about his mother, and I told him she’d probably find him outside anyway. Last time I saw him, he was on the stairs crying. What a wimp.

But what do you mean? That’s what you expect me to say. You really think, you really think it’s appropriate that you should actually take children and use them as a shield? You know what will happen someday, you, you ideal parent, you? The kid will come to you someday and say, “I know what I want to be. I know what I’m going to do with my life.” You are so happy. It’s the conversation a parent wants to hear, because your kid’s good in math, and you know you’re going to like what comes next. Says your kid, “I have decided I want to be a magician. I want to perform magic tricks on the stage.”

And what do you say? You say, you say, “Umm … that’s risky, kid. Might fail, kid. Don’t make a lot of money at that, kid. You know, I don’t know, kid, you should think about that again, kid, you’re so good at math, why don’t you – “

And the kid interrupts you, and says, “But it is my dream. It is my dream to do this.” And what are you going to say? You know what you’re going to say? “Look kid. I had a dream once, too, but — but.” So how are you going to finish the sentence with your “but”? “… But. I had a dream too, once, kid, but I was afraid to pursue it.” Or, are you going to tell him this? “I had a dream once, kid. But then you were born.”

Do you, do you really want to use your family, do you really ever want to look at your spouse and your kid and see your jailers? There was something you could have said to your kid when he or she said, “I have a dream.” You could have said, looked the kid in the face, and said, “Go for it, kid, just like I did.” But you won’t be able to say that because you didn’t. So you can’t. (Laughter)

And so the sins of the parents are visited on the poor children. Why will you seek refuge in human relationships as your excuse not to find and pursue your passion? You know why. In your heart of hearts, you know why, and I’m being deadly serious. You know why you would get all warm and fuzzy and wrap yourself up in human relationships. It is because you are – You know what you are.

You’re afraid to pursue your passion. You’re afraid to look ridiculous. You’re afraid to try. You’re afraid you may fail. Great friend, great spouse, great parent, great career. Is that not a package? Is that not who you are? How can you be one without the other? But you’re afraid.

And that’s why you’re not going to have a great career, unless — unless, that most evocative of all English words — unless. But the unless word is also attached to that other, most terrifying phrase, “If only I had … “”If only I had … “If you ever have that thought ricocheting in your brain, it will hurt a lot.

So, those are the many reasons why you are going to fail to have a great career, unless …

Unless.

Thank you.

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TEDまとめ(1):エキスパートたちが贈る極上のメッセージ ライフハックとしてではなく、英語学習にも極めて有用なのが、著名人が10分程度のプレゼンを行うTEDです。 TED Talksと...